Extramedullary myelogenous leukemia with endometrial involvement: a case report and literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.457Keywords:
acute myelogenous leukaemia, extramedullary myelogenous leukaemia, granulocytic sarcoma, female genital tract, uterus, endometriumAbstract
Extramedullary myelogenous leukemia (also known as granulocytic sarcoma) is an extramedullary manifestation of acute myelogenous leukaemia.
It can appear virtually at every body site and during any moment during primary disease evolution. Extramedullary myelogenous leukaemia is defined as being a tumoural lesion composed of immature myeloid cells localised at any extramedullar site.
The case of a 39-year old female is reported; she had uterine involvement for this disease. The lesion initially had a clinical appearance of endometrial carcinoma; however, extramedullary myelogenous leukemia with uterine involvement was finally diagnosed in this woman, within an acute myelogenous leukaemia context.
Methodology: Ovid and Medline databases were searched using the following key words: granulocytic sarcoma, extramedullary leukaemia, myeloid sarcoma, female genital tract, uterus, uterine cervix, endometrium.
The search was carried out to learn more about this disease, such as frequency, clinical features and diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, according to current medical literature.
Results: two independent reviewers evaluated the papers’ relevancy and chose articles dealing with granulocytic sarcoma or mentioning the female genital tract, specifically the uterus (uterus, uterine cervix). A new search was made using references from some papers so found. 123 articles were found referring to different aspects of the disease and the anatomical parts so affected.
14 pertinent papers were chosen, including a review article about extramedullary myeloid leukaemia. Most papers were case reports, brief reports and reviews of some aspects of the disease using small series. No article specifically referring to the endometrium was found.
Conclusion: the uterus is rarely involved in extramedullary myeloid leukaemia. The available information in the medical literature is limited, basically consisting of case reports and analysis of groups from cases reported. There is agreement concerning the difficulty of initial diagnosis, its poor prognosis and treatment, although experience is limited.
Author Biographies
Germán García-Soto
Juan de Jesús Pachón-Rincón
Jorge A. Castaño
José Domingo Torres
Elvia Inés Gómez
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