Iron supplementation and oxidative stress in pregnancy: a little-discussed paradox
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.441Keywords:
iron, free radicals, anaemia, pregnancyAbstract
Providing iron supplement during pregnancy is a widely accepted medical practice. However, iron is involved in initiation and propagation chain reactions producing reactive oxygen species and lipid hydroperoxides, in turn playing an important role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. A paradox is then faced; iron supplement can reduce the risk of anaemia and anaemia-related complications but it can promote other diseases developing. Such paradox is discussed and some studies are suggested which could be carried out to clarify when iron supplement may be indicated and used in the safest conditions for pregnant women.Author Biography
Juan Camilo Calderón Vélez
References
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Control of iron deficiency anaemia in South-East Asia: report of an intercountry workshop Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand, 11-14 December 1995. New Delhi WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; 1996.
Rivas-Perdomo E, Álvarez R, Mejía G. Evaluación nutricional en un grupo de adolescentes embarazadas en Cartagena, Colombia. Estudio de corte transversal. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 2005;56:281-7.
Martí-Carvajal A, Peña-Martí G, Comunian G, Muñoz S. Prevalence of anemia during pregnancy: results of Valencia (Venezuela) anemia during pregnancy study. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2002;52:5-11.
Morasso M, Molero J, Vinocur P, et al. Deficiencia de hierro y anemia en mujeres embarazadas en Chaco, Argentina. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2002;52:336-43.
Monárrez-Espino J, Martínez H, Greiner T. Iron deficiency anemia in Tarahumara women of reproductive-age in Northern Mexico. Salud Pública Mex 2001;43:392-401.
Casanueva E, Jiménez J, Meza-Camacho C, Mares M, Simón L. Prevalence of nutricional deficiencias in Mexican adolescent women with early and late prenatal care. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2003;53:35-8.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC). CDC Criteria for anemia in children and childbearing-aged women. MMRW Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1989;38:400-4.
World Health Organization. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers; 2001.
Layrisse M, Martínez C. Absorción del hierro a partir de los alimentos. Caracas: Ed. Arte; 1983.
Casanueva E, Viteri FE. Iron and oxidative stress in pregnancy. J Nutr 2003;133:1700S-1708S.
Murphy JF, O´Riordan J, Newcombe RG, Coles EC, Pearson JF. Relation of haemoglobin levels in first and second trimesters to outcome of pregnancy. Lancet 1986;1:992-5.
Beard JL, Borel MJ, Derr J. Impaired thermoregulation and thyroid function in iron-deficiency anemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:813-9.
Beard JL, Brigham DE, Kelley SK, Green MH. Plasma thyroid hormone kinetics are altered in iron-deficient rats. J Nutr 1998;128:1401-8.
Scholl T, Hediger ML, Fischer RL, Shearer JW. Anemia vs iron deficiency: increased risk of preterm delivery in a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:985-8.
Stanco G. Funcionamiento intelectual y rendimiento escolar en niños con anemia y deficiencia de hierro. Colomb Med 2007;38(Supl 1):24-33.
Viteri F. Iron supplementation as a strategy for the control of iron deficiency and ferropenic anemia. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1999;49:15S-22S.
Pregnancy and the Arachidonic-acid cascade. Lancet 1982;1:997-8.
Hubel C, Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rogers GM, McLaughlin MK, et al. Lipid peroxidation in pregnancy: new perspectives on preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:1025-34.
Yamamoto S. “Enzymatic” lipid peroxidation: reactions of mammalian lipoxygenases. Free Radic Biol Med 1991;10:149-59.
Cargnoni A, Gregorini G, Ceconi C, Maiorca R, Ferrari R. Lipid peroxidation in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994;366:420-1.
Orhan H, Onderoglu L, Yücel A, Sahin G. Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in complicated pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;267:189-95.
Chaudhari L, Tandon OP, Vaney N, Agarwal N. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in gestational diabetics. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2003;47:441-6.
Yagi K. Lipid peroxides and related radicals in clinical medicine. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994;366:1-15.
de Grey A. A proposed refinement of the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging. Bioessays 1997;19:161-7.
Finkel T. Oxygen radicals and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1998;10:248-53.
Sen C. Oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. J Appl Physiol 1995;79:675-86.
Matteo R, Proverbio T, Córdova K, Proverbio F, Marín R. Preeclampsia, lipid peroxidation, and calcium adenosine triphosphatase activity of red blood cell ghosts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:402-8.
Abad C, Teppa-Garrán A, Proverbio T, Piñero S, Proverbio F, Marín R. Effect of magnesium sulfate on the calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity and lipid peroxidation of red blood cell membranes from preeclamptic women. Biochem Pharmacol 2005;70:1634-41.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge J (eds.). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 2nd Ed. London: Clarendon Press; 1989.
How to Cite
Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
| Article metrics | |
|---|---|
| Abstract views | |
| Galley vies | |
| PDF Views | |
| HTML views | |
| Other views | |
