Diagnóstico genético preimplantación: mirando al futuro

Autores/as

  • Júan Luis Giraldo
  • Antonia Habana
  • Paulo Serafini
  • David Olive

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.995

Palabras clave:

Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantación (PGD), FISH, PCR, enfermedades monogénicas, enfermedades ligadas al cromosoma X, aneuploidías, fertilización in vitro

Resumen

El diagnóstico genético preimplantación (PGD) es en el momento la forma más temprana de diagnóstico prenatal. En la década de los noventa su carácter experimental comienza a dar paso a su aplicación clínica. Se han reportado ya numerosos casos de nacidos vivos sometidos a PGD para la detección de enfermedades ligadas al sexo, enfermedades monogénicas y aneuploidías. Además su papel en la optimización del resultado de las técnicas de reproducción asistida está en estudio y parece promisorio, especialmente en el grupo de mujeres de mayor edad. Actualmente se utilizan la hibridización in situ fluorescente (FISH) y la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) como principales herramientas en el análisis del material genético del embrión. La obtención de este material se ha logrado mediante la biopsia de cuerpo polar, de blastómera y de trofoectodermo. En el seguimiento a corto y mediano plazo el PGD ha demostrado ser una técnica eficiente y segura, pero se carece aún de estudios con seguimiento a largo plazo que corroboren estos aspectos. Avances en el uso del PGD que faciliten su aplicación y disminuyan su costo serán responsables de una propagación en el uso de este método de diagnóstico prenatal en los próximos años.

 

Biografía del autor/a

Júan Luis Giraldo

Fellow, División Medicina Reproductiva e Infertilidad, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Yale, USA.

Antonia Habana

Fellow, División Medicina Reproductiva e Infertilidad, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Yale, USA.

Paulo Serafini

Profesor Asociado, División de Medicina Reproductiva e Infertilidad, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Yale, USA.

David Olive

Director de la División de Medicina Reproductiva e Infertilidad, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Yale, USA.

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Cómo citar

1.
Giraldo JL, Habana A, Serafini P, Olive D. Diagnóstico genético preimplantación: mirando al futuro. Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol. [Internet]. 30 de septiembre de 1999 [citado 25 de abril de 2024];50(3):145-50. Disponible en: https://revista.fecolsog.org/index.php/rcog/article/view/995

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Publicado

1999-09-30

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