Prevalencia de Chlamydia Trachomatis detectada por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en un grupo de mujeres jóvenes sintomáticas y asintomáticas en Bogotá, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.484Palabras clave:
Chlamydia trachomatis, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, PCR, infecciones por Chlamydia, prevalencia, epidemiología, diagnósticoResumen
Introducción: la Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) es considerada hoy como la causa más frecuente de infecciones de transmisión sexual y enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria. Aproximadamente la mitad de los casos de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis cursan en forma asintomática lo que dificulta su detección clínica temprana y aumenta la probabilidad de secuelas a largo plazo.
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de infección por C. trachomatis en un grupo de mujeres jóvenes con y sin leucorrea en Bogotá, Colombia.
Metodología: estudio de corte transversal en el que se investigó por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa la presencia de C. trachomatis en 355 muestras de orina obtenidas de mujeres jóvenes con o sin leucorrea. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en dos instituciones de primer nivel de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud y en dos instituciones públicas de educación superior, durante los meses de junio y julio del 2004. Se investigaron variables sociodemográficas de interés y prácticas anticonceptivas.
Resultados: se detectaron 19 muestras positivas, de las cuales 5 correspondían a mujeres sin leucorrea y 14 a pacientes con leucorrea. La prevalencia de infección fue 5,35% (IC 95% 3,25-8.23) en el grupo total, 2,86% (IC 95% 0,93-6,54) en las mujeres sin leucorrea y 7,78% (IC 95% 4,31-12,70) en las pacientes con leucorrea.
Conclusión: la prevalencia encontrada en este estudio indica que la infección por C. trachomatis constituye un problema de interés en salud pública. Aunque la leucorrea puede considerarse como un marcador de infección por Chlamydia, dada la tendencia a mayor frecuencia en este grupo de pacientes, la prevalencia en mujeres asintomáticas fue importante y justifica ofrecer su detección en forma más amplia.
Biografía del autor/a
Ruth Mélida Sánchez
Ariel Iván Ruiz-Parra
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