Síndrome de cáncer hereditario de mama y ovario: aplicación clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.368Palabras clave:
síndrome de cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario, neoplasias ováricas, neoplasias de la mama, genes BRCA1, genes BRCA2Resumen
Objetivo: aportar al ginecólogo herramientas para la identificación de pacientes con riesgo de síndrome de cáncer hereditario de mama y ovario (SCHMO), y brindar consejería en el manejo preventivo de pacientes con este síndrome.
Materiales y métodos: a partir de un caso hipotético se formulan preguntas relacionadas con el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama y ovario en pacientes con SCHMO. Para responder estas preguntas se realizó una revisión de la literatura pertinente en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, ScienceDirect y SciELO. Se utilizaron los términos MESH “Síndrome de cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario”, “Neoplasias ováricas”, “Neoplasias de la mama”, “Genes BRCA1”, “Genes BRCA2” y su equivalente en inglés. Los resultados se restringieron a artículos publicados entre el 2005 y 2015.
Resultados: a través de la búsqueda en PubMed se obtuvieron 56 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 45. En ScienceDirect y SciELO se encontraron 7 artículos. Además, se incluyeron 4 artículos de fuentes no ligadas a estas bases de datos.
Conclusiones: el ginecoobstetra debe identificar pacientes con riesgo de presentar el síndrome de cáncer hereditario de mama y ovario, y explicar a los pacientes la importancia de la realización de las pruebas moleculares de los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2 y de participar en equipos multidisciplinarios que además deben incluir al genetista, cirujano, los oncólogos y al paciente para la toma de decisiones médicas de acuerdo con los resultados moleculares.
Biografía del autor/a
Laura Yuriko González-Teshima
Fabio Samir Vargas-Cely
Juan Sebastián Muñoz-Sandoval
Julián Ramírez-Cheyne
Wilmar Saldarriaga-Gil
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