Edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica. Presentación de un caso y revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.518Palabras clave:
edema pulmonar, revisión académica, colecistectomía laparoscópicaResumen
La cirugía laparoscópica es una técnica que se ha difundido exponencialmente y a la que se le han reconocido muchas bondades. Sin embargo, también se le ha asociado una serie de complicaciones potencialmente serias y no bien estudiadas.
Objetivo: describir la frecuencia reportada en la literatura de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica y en colecistectomía laparoscópica.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo de evidencia (revisión sistemática), utilizando las bases de datos Medline (PubMed, NLM), OVID y CINAHL. Dos revisores independientes evaluaron la pertinencia de los artículos, a partir de los resúmenes, y sobre ellos se hizo una revisión en texto completo del nivel de evidencia y la frecuencia de presentación de las complicaciones y específicamente del edema pulmonar. Se describe la mediana de frecuencia informada en la literatura (%), de la presentación del edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica.
Resultados: se encontraron 58 artículos (39 en Medline y 19 en OVID) En CINAHL se encontraron 3 que ya se habían encontrado con las estrategias previas. De estos, 2 fueron estudios observacionales analíticos, 13 observacionales descriptivos diferentes a series de caso y reportes de caso y 25 fueron series de casos o reporte de un caso. No se encontraron en texto completo 6 artículos y 12 fueron revisiones no sistemáticas. La frecuencia de presentación de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica osciló entre 0 y 16,6% Me=1,4% (IC95% 0,19%-2,3%). En muchos de los casos no hubo claridad sobre la causalidad del edema pulmonar y se asoció con el evento más inmediato, precedente.
Conclusión: la mayoría de la evidencia disponible es tipo III y IV. Se requieren de estudios de vigilancia posmercadeo (Fase IV) para este tipo de tecnologías. Mientras tanto es relevante dar a conocer a los pacientes sobre la presentación del edema pulmonar como una potencial complicación de la cirugía laparoscópica.
Biografía del autor/a
Javier Eslava
Hernando Gaitán
Nelson Pedraza
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