Sulfato de magnesio para neuroprotección fetal: revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

  • Camilo Muñoz-Martínez
  • Mario Orlando Parra-Pineda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.49

Palabras clave:

trabajo de parto prematuro, parálisis cerebral, sulfato de magnesio, fármacos neuroprotectores.

Resumen

Objetivo: revisar la evidencia disponible acerca de la efectividad y seguridad del sulfato de magnesio como neuroprotector en fetos pretérmino.

Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos, Medline, SciELO, Embase y ScienceDirect y Cochrane, utilizando los términos de búsqueda: "premature birth, cerebral palsy, magnesium sulfate", restringida a los siguientes tipos de estudios: metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas, guías de práctica clínica y ensayos clínicos controlados, entre el 2000 y el 2013.

Resultados: la búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas arrojó 31 títulos, de los cuales se excluyeron 19 estudios debido a que no respondían a la pregunta inicial, eran artículos de revisión narrativa, doble publicación, incluían estudios observacionales o se trataba de protocolos de investigación. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 12 artículos que corresponden a 5 revisiones sistemáticas, 5 ensayos clínicos controlados y 2 guías de práctica clínica. El sulfato de magnesio disminuye el riesgo de parálisis cerebral en alrededor del 30 % y de disfunción motora gruesa en un 40 %. No tiene impacto significativo en otros desenlaces como mortalidad perinatal, leucomalacia periventricular o hemorragia intraventricular. Este efecto protector es mayor en edades gestacionales más tempranas. Los eventos adversos maternos y neonatales son generalmente leves.

Conclusiones: el sulfato de magnesio utilizado en pacientes con trabajo de parto pretérmino, fase activa antes de semana 32, es un tratamiento efectivo y seguro en la prevención de la parálisis cerebral en fetos prematuros.

Biografía del autor/a

Camilo Muñoz-Martínez

Residente de segundo año, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia)

Mario Orlando Parra-Pineda

Profesor Asociado, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia)

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Cómo citar

1.
Muñoz-Martínez C, Parra-Pineda MO. Sulfato de magnesio para neuroprotección fetal: revisión de la literatura. Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol. [Internet]. 30 de septiembre de 2014 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];65(3):215-27. Disponible en: https://revista.fecolsog.org/index.php/rcog/article/view/49

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2014-09-30

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